indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; division; phylum; counter for cannons
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
border (pattern); stripes; border; boundary; border; edge
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
adds force or indicates command
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
community; circles; kingdom; erathem; field (electrical); border
citizen; resident; person; user (of a website, esp. as a collective, e.g. Twittersphere)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
spare time; free time; leisure
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you