indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
community; circles; kingdom; erathem; field (electrical); border
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
citizen; resident; person; user (of a website, esp. as a collective, e.g. Twittersphere)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
now; the present time; just now; another; more
model; type (e.g. of machine, goods, etc.); type; style; mold (mould); template; kata (standard form of a movement, posture, etc. in martial arts, sport, etc.)
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
base (military, expedition, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
general manager; director-general
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
collection; recovery; withdrawal; retrieval