indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
community; circles; kingdom; erathem; field (electrical); border
new type; new style; new model; new strain (e.g. infectious disease)
district; section; sector
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
troops; group members; team members
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
adds force or indicates command
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
town area; urban area; metropolitan area; built-up area
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
war potential; military strength; fighting power; ability (to compete); capabilities; valuable asset
citizen; resident; person; user (of a website, esp. as a collective, e.g. Twittersphere)
spare time; free time; leisure
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to face; to go towards; to head towards
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
border (pattern); stripes; border; boundary; border; edge
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
model; type (e.g. of machine, goods, etc.); type; style; mold (mould); template; kata (standard form of a movement, posture, etc. in martial arts, sport, etc.)
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party