from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
community; circles; kingdom; erathem; field (electrical); border
citizen; resident; person; user (of a website, esp. as a collective, e.g. Twittersphere)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
trampling down; overrunning; infringement; violation
large triple gate to temple
emperor (of Japan); mikado; (the gates of an) imperial residence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
border (pattern); stripes; border; boundary; border; edge
troops; group members; team members
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
spare time; free time; leisure
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
due form; official; formality
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
class-A; A class; A grade
promotion; raising of status
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
training; drill; practice; discipline
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
by means of; due to; because of; according to
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
detection (of a plot, fraud, etc.); discovery; coming to light; being uncovered
serious; important; significant; grave; weighty
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to hear; to be told; to know; to receive (order); to undertake; to comply
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach