indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
participation in a war; going to war; taking part in a competition or contest
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
opponent; adversary; the competition; the other side; one's enemy
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
forward; forwarding (email); forwards; forward contract
three flat objects (sheets of paper, pieces of cloth, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
goalkeeper; keeper; goalie
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
adds force or indicates command
hidden reserves of strength; latent energy; potentiality; real strength
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to attempt; to test; to try out
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to brace one's legs; to stand firm; to plant one's feet (firmly on the ground); to hold out; to persist; to make an effort
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
by all means; by all costs
to pull out; to take out; to lead out (e.g. a horse from a stable); to summon (e.g. to court); to withdraw (money); to draw
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all