versus; against; to (e.g. score of 4 to 2, ratio of 3 to 1, vote of 320 to 180); toward ...; to ...; equal footing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
what's the matter?; what's wrong?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
battle; war; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); contest; competition
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
vague; obscure; indistinct; hazy; ambiguous
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
defense (esp. in sports); defence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to factor in; to take into account; to include in one's considerations
superiority; superior power; predominance; preponderance
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to find out; to discover; to select; to pick out; to look out (from the inside); to be wide-eyed (in surprise, anger, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
victory; triumph; win; conquest; success
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
district; area; zone; quarter; section; region
preliminary contest; qualifying round; trial; preliminary selection; screening (e.g. of applicants); provisional election
Japanese representative; Japanese delegate; Japanese delegation