indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
educational institution; school; academy; campus
goal; target; aim; mark; sign; landmark
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
to lose (something); to mislay; to get rid of; to eliminate; to remove
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
sample; specimen; pattern; model; example
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
to grapple with; to wrestle with; to engage in a bout; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to come to grips with; to work hard on
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
normally being cold but at some prompt suddenly becoming lovestruck; hot-cold personality type
head of the student council; president of the student council
thin-culmed dwarf bamboo (growing in clusters)
suffix for familiar person
any more; any further; any better; any longer
attribute; property; context; character class, type, fetish, etc.
addition; annexation; appendage
waste (of money, time, etc.); squandering; frittering away
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
what did you just say (to me)?; what's that?
rubbish; trash; garbage; refuse
separation (e.g. of rubbish when recycling); classification; discrimination; division; distinction
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")