dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to dance down (leaves, petals, etc.); to fall as if dancing
pink; erotic (usually used in relation to the sex industry); blue; pornographic
to fall (e.g. blossoms, leaves); to scatter; to be dispersed; to disappear; to dissolve; to spread
to dance (orig. a whirling dance); to flutter about; to revolve
when it comes to ...; if one were to speak of ...; by ... you mean ...; when you say ... you mean that ...; whenever ...; if it's ... then (without fail)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
endless; boundless; innumerable; endless; never-ending; going on forever
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
really; truly; indeed; good grief
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
attention; notice; care; caution; advice; warning
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think