number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
by means of; due to; because of; according to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
image (in one's mind); impression; (computer) image; depiction (e.g. of a product); rendition
(suffer) deterioration; growing worse; aggravation; degeneration; corruption
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
serious; severe; grave; acute
company; association; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
setback; deadlock; standstill; impasse; miscarriage
of course; certainly; naturally
vast; huge; immense; malva nut (Sterculia lychnophora)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
world; society; people; the public
bad reputation; infamy; ill repute; unfavorable criticism; unfavourable criticism
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to bear; to carry on one's back; to take responsibility for; to accept a duty; to receive (wound); to incur (damage)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
development project (program, programme, plan)
to distance oneself (from); to keep (something or someone) at a distance; to maintain a distance (from)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen