indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
use; utilization; utilisation; application
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
this plane; this aircraft; this machine
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
type; style; mold; mould; kata (set sequence of positions and movements in martial arts); style (in kabuki, noh, etc.); convention
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
rubbish; trash; garbage; refuse; litter
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
close-up; bringing attention to; bringing to the fore; putting under close scrutiny
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
to use and then throw away
artificial satellite; man-made satellite
shuttlecock; shuttle service (e.g. bus); shuttle (weaving); space shuttle
to cut off (from); to separate; to detach; to sever; to uncouple
tank (of fluid); cistern; vat; tank (military vehicle)
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
waste matter; waste; garbage; trash
speed per second; velocity per second; instant; moment; a few seconds
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
speed; velocity; pace; velocity
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to turn; to rotate; to go around; to circle; to make the rounds (of); to go around (several places); to go by way of
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)