indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fire into (e.g. a crowd); to launch (e.g. missiles); to lob (e.g. grenades)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
retaliation; revenge; reprisal; retorsion; retortion
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
war; fighting; fierce competition
how many years; how long; what year
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
around the world; throughout the world
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to die; (lit.) to become a star
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
interest (in something); curiosity (about something); zest (for)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
cupboard; locker; closet; wardrobe; cabinet
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
anything and everything; just about everything
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
corresponding to; being applicable to; being relevant to; coming under; falling under; fulfilling (requirements)
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
inquiry; enquiry; query; reference