what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
than; from; out of; except; but; more
fantastic; grotesque; strange-looking; suspicious-looking
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to unfold; to unroll; to open
wherein; therein; thereinto
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to take the lead; to lead a group; to be in the vanguard
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
strength; power; proficiency; ability
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
the teens (10-19); teenage; the tenth generation
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
suddenly; all of a sudden
invasion; raid; attack; visitation (of a calamity)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to name; to call; to christen; to term
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
people; men and women; each person; everybody
to be born and raised (in); to be born and brought up; to be born and bred
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)