too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
time; season; period; phase; stage
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
notification; official notice; directive (e.g. from higher to lower levels of the administration); being well versed (in); being proficient (in)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
completion; conclusion; perfect (tense, form, aspect)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to distinguish oneself; to stand out
straggling; falling behind; being left behind; falling behind the ranks; falling out of line
beginning; outset; first; onset
junction; crossroads; division point; parting of ways
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
training camp; off-campus residential course
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
primary school; elementary school; grade school
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
counter for nights of a stay; overnight stay; lodging
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
such; like that; that sort of; very
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
and then; and so; and; so then
aaah!; oooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to shiver; to shake; to quake; to tremble; to quaver; to quiver
lodging together; training camp; boarding house