this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
pupil; student; schoolchild
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
selection; choice; picking out
entering; setting (of the Sun); containing; content; income; beginning
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do over again; to redo; to start over; to remake; to resume; to recommence
should; must; -able; probably; likely
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
history; pedigree; lineage
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
gourmet food; delicious food; dining on gourmet food; following a lavish diet; living as an epicure
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
appropriate; adequate; suitable; fitting; worthy
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
eager; earnest; ardent; OFF (on switch)
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
regarding; in; to; towards; with regards to
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
right; correct; proper; righteous; just
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
to feel; to sense; to experience
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
personal; individual; private
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
disqualification; unfitness; noncompliance
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof