existence; possession; having; limited company
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
abundant; plentiful; rich; wealthy; open (mind); relaxed
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
stage (theatre, theater); scene or setting (e.g. of novel, play, etc.)
to call (someone) back; to recall; to call home; to bring back (memories, etc.); to recall; to revive
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to respond; to answer; to meet (e.g. demands, expectations); to affect; to take a toll; to strike home
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
common camellia (Camellia japonica)
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to compete; to contend; to vie; to contest
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to recall; to remember; to recollect
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to listen carefully; to strain one's ears
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to overflow; to brim over; to flood