existence; possession; having; limited company
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
to grow timid; to cower; to become perverse; to become contrary; to be cramped; to be constrained
the person in question; prominent figure; distinguished person; that person
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one shot; one charge; one blow; one punch; home run; one try; one attempt
to hit hard; to punch hard; to give a hard blow; to wallop; to sock
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
presentiment; premonition; hunch; to have a premonition; to have a hunch
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young woman; young (animal); offshoot
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
boy; son; baby boy; young man
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
older brother; elder brother; young man; buddy; fella
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
rival; competitor; competition
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement