jpdb beta

um; er; nuh-uh; no; oof

2

-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now

6

you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...

17

lunch; noon; midday; daytime; waking up; getting up

1

cooked rice; meal

1

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

42

how; in what way; how about

6

to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)

36

indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very

19

Tsuneki

5

Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker

9

what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest

6

talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor

4

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

73

to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen

13

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

40

but; however; although

22

a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily

4

good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial

14

I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that

4

here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...

5

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

42

it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?

7

that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...

3

yesterday

2

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

112

thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work

20

it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...

2

dining room; dining hall; cafeteria; restaurant; eatery; snack bar

1

to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk

10

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

39

previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance

2

immediately; right away; at once; instantly

2

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)

29

remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively

1

slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late

1

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

39

to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on

2

adds force or indicates command

4

yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof

10

part-time job; side job

2

secrecy; confidentiality; privacy; one's circumstances (esp. fiscal)

1

such ... as; or some such

1

strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance

1

to scheme; to plan; to play a trick; to invent; to conspire; to frame up

1

isn't that right?

10

such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!

8

terrible; dreadful; terrifying; surprising; startling; tremendous

1

easy; simple; there's no way that ...

1

then; well; so; be; is

9