indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
pension; guesthouse; bed and breakfast; private home providing lodging for travelers (travellers)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
soon; before long; shortly; close (by); near; nearby
remodelling; remodeling; reorganization; reorganisation
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
in that way; thus; so; so?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thereabouts; vicinity; that area; that situation; those circumstances
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ghost; apparition; phantom; spectre; specter; demon
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to follow; to come along with one; to accompany
bodyguard; bouncer; bar (e.g. on a door); bolt; stick or pole used for self-defence
comparatively; relatively; unexpectedly; unusually; considering; for one's ...
hot spring; onsen; hot spring resort; hot spring spa
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
to make merry; to be festive
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
(your) words; what you say; what you have said; a few words (of welcome, advice, etc.)
to behave like a spoiled child; to fawn on; to take advantage of; to presume upon (e.g. another's benevolence); to depend on
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to get carried away; to get overly elated; to become over-excited; to get up to speed; to move into gear
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
such; this sort of; like this