judging; inspection; examination; investigation; review
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
application; request; petition
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
adventure; venture; venture which is unlikely to succeed; risky attempt; danger
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; heigh-ho; to butter up; to suck up to
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
trace; vestige; mark; sign; evidence
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
no, not like that (but like this)
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
just (now, at the moment, etc.); just as; in the act of; as soon as; at the moment that
with a clash; with a thud; unexpectedly (meeting someone); suddenly (ending); abruptly (coming to a halt)
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
keep ...-ing; have been ...-ing; leaving (something) on; leaving (something) still in use
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
third day of the month; three days
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only