Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how much; how many; to what extent
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
roughly; approximately; round about; cursorily; briefly; quickly
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
is that so?; I see; right; oh
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
long time; long interval; for quite some time
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
curtain; act (in a play); falling of the curtain; end (of a scene); end; close; case
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
justice; right; righteousness; correct meaning; correct explanation
to crack down on (e.g. crime, corruption); to deal a crushing blow to; to bring down the hammer on
particle used to indicate the speaker's hope, desire, wish, etc. (e.g. "it would be nice if ...", "I wish there were ...", etc.); emphatic particle; particle adding uncertainty
beginning; outset; first; onset
order; command; decree; (software) instruction; statement
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
going into battle; departure for the front; appearing (in a match); starting an election campaign