what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryo system)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
time; hour; period; class
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
pain; ache; soreness; damage; injury; wear
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
(some) more; even more; longer; further
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
meaning; significance; sense