senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
lodging together; training camp; boarding house
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
family; members of a family
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
(some) more; even more; longer; further
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
to make a speech; to address
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
how; in what way; how about
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
utterance; speaking; vocalization; leading a group of people (in cheering, singing, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
waterway; channel; wake (of a ship)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question