indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
since when; from when; how long
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
rakugo; traditional Japanese comic storytelling; comic story (told by a professional storyteller)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
et cetera; etc.; and the like; the likes of; something like
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to change; to alter; to mistake; to make a mistake; to fail to keep (e.g. one's promise); to sprain (a muscle)
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
tear; tears; lachrymal secretion; sympathy
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
crummy; shabby; petty; lousy; puny; cheap
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
stock; share; stump; (clump of) roots; plant with attached roots or stem; strain (of bacteria, etc.); stock company
to gnaw; to nibble; to bite; to dabble in; to know a little bit about; to learn a little of
tuber; taro; yokel; bumpkin; dud; worthless thing
to dig; to excavate; to delve into; to dig up (vegetables, treasure, etc.); to mine (coal, ore, etc.); to top
hey; hello; wow; oh; oomph; heave-ho
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
central figure; pillar (e.g. of the nation); chief; boss; master carpenter; beams and ridge supports of a roof
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
remarkably; noticeably; visibly; considerably; perceptibly; appreciably
association; socializing; socialising; fellowship
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly