thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
not writing or contacting for a while; neglecting (failing) to write (call, visit, etc.); long silence
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
although I say; although one might say; although called
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to hang; to suspend; to lower; to reduce; to demote; to move back
keep ...-ing; have been ...-ing; leaving (something) on; leaving (something) still in use
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
only; merely; but; no more than
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
heh-heh; hee-hee; ha ha; (arch.) female genitals; (arch.) vagina; (arch.) vulva
what?!; what did you say?!; why?; what for?; anyone; anything
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be astonished; to be flabbergasted; to be startled; to be amazed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
at one's feet; underfoot; gait; pace; most recent; current
not understanding; not knowing
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to become numb; to go to sleep (e.g. a limb); to get an electric shock; to tingle (from an electric shock); to be excited; to be titillated
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me