indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
suffix for familiar person
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
sweet-tasting; sweet; fragrant (smelling); sweet (music); lightly salted; light in salt; naive
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
honorific/polite/humble prefix
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
menu; schedule; program; (computer) menu
rabbit; hare; coney; cony; lagomorph (esp. leporids)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
mixture of bean jam, boiled beans, agar cubes, fruit pieces and syrup