at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
so; like this; in this way
to take (a photo); to record (video, audio, etc.); to make (a film)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
skillful; skilled; proficient; flattery
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); still; all the same; even ... (e.g. "even a genius")
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
(another's) daughter; young lady
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
cocoa (beverage, cocoa solids); hot chocolate
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to be surprised; to be astonished
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to look (sound, behave) grown-up; to be adult-like; to mature
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
one thin flat object; one sheet
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial