(weather) front; front line; forward area; action zone
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
whole; all; general; gross; entire; overall
chair; chairman; chairperson; speaker (of an assembly); president (of a council, senate, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
intention; idea; inclination; wish
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
owl (esp. the Ural owl, Strix uralensis)
Chinese parasol-tree (Firmiana simplex); Chinese-bottletree; Japanese varnishtree; phoenix-tree
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
assistant; associate; duplicate; copy; adverb
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to entrust (e.g. a task) to another; to leave to; to passively leave to someone else's facilities; to leave to take its natural course; to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim); to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ward; borough; city (in Tokyo); district (e.g. electoral); section; zone (e.g. postal)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
never mind!; don't worry about it
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
easy; simple; there's no way that ...
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very