sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
(taking a) bath; hot spring cure
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
while; during; while; although; all; both
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
(the) second (party, rank, etc.); B (grade); stylish; chic; strange; quaint
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
why; how; for what reason
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
hateful; detestable; abominable; amazing; fantastic; admirable
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
memory; recollection; remembrance; memory; storage
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
desire; want; will; wish; urge; craving