to repeat; to do something over again
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
government; administration
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
interview; audience; meeting; (viewing) party
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
settlement; solution; resolution
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sign; indication; omen; symptom
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
serious; severe; grave; acute
position in a game of go or shogi; state of the game; aspect of an affair; situation
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
announcement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryo system)
democracy; popular sovereignty; Democratic Party (esp. DPJ)
union; alliance; combination; RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation)
secretary-general; director
unidentifiable; unidentified
by means of; due to; because of; according to
act of terror; terrorist attack
relation; connection; relevance
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
time; hour; period; class
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
failure; mistake; blunder
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible