indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to collect; to assemble; to gather
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
how can (one) do something
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fit into (a box, frame, category, etc.); to be contained within; to settle down (into); to be installed (in one's rightful place); to settle into (one's position); to take up (a post); to be delivered
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to gather; to collect; to assemble
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
some time ago; recently; lately; last (Sunday, etc.); previous
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
grounds; foundation; authority; support; prop; something upon which to rely
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
should; must; -able; probably; likely
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
whereabouts; place; location; place where one belongs; where one fits in; place where one can be oneself
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
life; existence; (one's) working life; career; life force; lifeblood
going around in circles; circling a temple; roll-call vote
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement