indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
white; correction fluid; white-out
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
faint; indistinct; dim; (arch.) few; (arch.) a little
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to feel; to sense; to experience
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
water's edge; beach; shore