winter vacation; winter holidays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
experiment; experimentation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to go smoothly; to turn out well; to do the trick; to have peaceful relations
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
then; well; so; well then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
tidying up; clearing up; cleaning up; clearing away; putting in order
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
please (give me); please (do for me)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (of China; 9-23 CE)
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
peace of mind; relief; (sense of) security; safety; assurance; confidence
to leave (a matter, decision, etc. to someone); to entrust (to someone); to leave (to chance, one's imagination, etc.); to let (take its own course); to use (money, strength, spare time, etc.) to the full; to use freely
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
lonely (e.g. person, feeling); lonesome; desolate; deserted; sad; lacking
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
passing (an examination, inspection, etc.); pass (for admission, transport, etc.); ticket; pass (of a ball); pass (ceding one's turn); giving (something) a pass; pass (ceding one's turn after there are no more useful moves)