indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
full moon; 15th day of the lunar month
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
car; automobile; motorcar; motor vehicle; auto
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident