public matter; governmental matter; prince; duke; lord; sir
this occasion; at this time; now
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
work; labor; achievement; performance; salary; income
state ceremony; laborious; troublesome; irksome
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
loyal retainer; loyal subject
model; pattern; paragon; exemplar
superior airs; air of importance; overemphasis
-less; lacking; non-existing
(your) words; what you say; what you have said; a few words (of welcome, advice, etc.)
prime minister; chancellor (Germany, Austria, etc.); premier
your Excellency; his Excellency; her Excellency
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to avoid misfortune; to escape danger
Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty
honorific/polite/humble prefix
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
peaceful; tranquil; calm; restful
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
(arch.) retainer; (arch.) attendant; Omi (hereditary title; orig. one of the two highest such titles, later demoted to sixth highest of eight); I; me
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
supreme; greatest; highest; best
joy; delight; rapture; pleasure; gratification; rejoicing
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
another time; again; over again; formally; especially; intentionally
a matter of course; what is to be expected; par for the course
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis