yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
ill-natured; mean; mischievous; nasty; unkind; teasing
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to put back; to return; to vomit; to throw up; to recover (of a market price)
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
counter for wheels and flowers
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
to fly; to soar; to jump; to leap; to spatter; to scatter; to hurry
already; now; no longer; not any more
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to shine; to be visible; to be tinged with; to rise (of water levels); to flow in; to be felt (i.e. as an emotion); to come over one
one's heart's desire; one's dearest wish
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
adds force or indicates command
certainly; surely; undoubtedly; just; precisely; exactly
to go to ruin; to go under; to fall; to be destroyed; to die out; to become extinct
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to peek (through a keyhole, gap, etc.); to look down into (a ravine, etc.); to peek into (a shop, bookstore, etc.); to sneak a look at; to take a quick look at; to peep (through a telescope, microscope, etc.); to stick out (a scarf from a collar, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)