fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
toot (e.g. of trumpet); honk (e.g. of klaxon); beep; farting sound; sound of something being inflated; puff
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ogre; demon; oni; spirit of a deceased person
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
summer vacation; summer holiday
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
lodging together; training camp; boarding house
festival; feast; carnival
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
homework; assignment; pending issue; unresolved problem; open question
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
time; hour; period; class
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
(some) more; even more; longer; further
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
I see; that's right; indeed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")