indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
toot (e.g. of trumpet); honk (e.g. of klaxon); beep; farting sound; sound of something being inflated; puff
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
wide open sky; the blue; heavens; firmament
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
suffix for familiar person
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)