indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
seven; seven years of age; four o'clock (old time system)
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thereupon; shortly thereafter
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
spell (that restricts one's movements); binding spell
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
adds force or indicates command
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to release; to let go; to free; to add (pieces of eggplant, potato, etc.) to water, broth, etc.
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to create; to bring forth; to invent; to think up and bring into being; to give birth to; to bear
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
anything and everything; just about everything
the end; closing; being done for; that's it; that's enough; that's all
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
these guys; these fellows