indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
faint; indistinct; dim; (arch.) few; (arch.) a little
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
myself; yourself; I; me; you
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
white; correction fluid; white-out
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
scattered; disperse; loose; disconnected; in pieces; in drops
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
water's edge; beach; shore
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to create; to bring forth; to invent; to think up and bring into being; to give birth to; to bear
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen