to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
please (give me); please (do for me)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
by any chance; (should) it happen (that); by some chance
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
tiger (Panthera tigris); drunkard; drunk; sot
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
good bye; I'm off; see you later
suffix for familiar person
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
feeling of tension; air of tension; tension; nervousness
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to jump out; to rush out; to appear (suddenly); to protrude; to project; to butt in
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
with a clash; with a thud; unexpectedly (meeting someone); suddenly (ending); abruptly (coming to a halt)
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
again (and again); once again; yet again; (there you go) again
to run away; to flee; to make off; to start to run away
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
six o'clock; six periods of a day (morning, midday, afternoon, evening, midnight, late night)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!