that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
what do you want?; can I help you?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
to leave alone; to leave as is; to ignore; to neglect
live coals (for firelighting); cause (of disturbance, conflict, etc.); trigger
to smoke; to smoulder; to be sooty; to be smoke-stained; to smoulder (e.g. a dispute); to smolder
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
myself; yourself; I; me; you
right; correct; proper; righteous; just
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
leader; reader; reading book; reader (i.e. someone who reads); microreader; dotted line (in printing)
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
back; backing; going backwards; background; backdrop; backhand; backer
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to smash; to crush; to shut down; to put out of business; to wreck; to break; to butcher
to set free; to let go; to release; to miss (e.g. a chance); to lose; to let get away
that way; that direction; that (one); that person; there; over there
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
entrance; entry; gate; approach; mouth
to stop up; to close up; to stand in the way; to obstruct; to occupy; to fill up
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee