indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
older sister; elder sister
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ding (of a bell); bing; honk (i.e. sound of blowing one's nose); snort; heating in a microwave; cooking in a microwave
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
suffix for familiar person
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
honorific/polite/humble prefix
myself; yourself; I; me; you
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
costumed mascot character (oft. devised for PR purposes by local governments, government departments, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
fate; destiny (esp. as a mysterious force that binds two people together); relationship (e.g. between two people); bond; family ties; affinity; opportunity
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
big athletic meet (esp. at school); sports day; field day