library; book collection; paperback book
class; level; stratum; layer; hierarchy
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to arrive at (after a struggle); to finally reach; to find one's way to; to finally hit on (e.g. an idea)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
no matter what; whatever happens; in any situation; rain or shine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to hang one's head; to look down; to cast one's eyes downward
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
vague; ambiguous; shady; disreputable; fuzzy
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
courage; bravery; valour; valor; nerve; boldness
one face; one surface; the whole surface; one aspect; one side; (on) the other hand; one broad, flat object
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)