head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
with these words; while saying
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
halfway; half measures; unfinished; incomplete; by halves; half-baked
anything and everything; just about everything
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
very; extremely; excessively
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
honorific/polite/humble prefix
name; given name; first name
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
junior high school student; middle school pupil
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
How do you do?; I am glad to meet you
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)