paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa); empress tree; foxglove tree
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
one more time; once more; once again
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
continuation; rest (of the story, work, etc.); flow (e.g. of a piece of writing); pacing (of a story); succession (of); sequence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
now; the present time; just now; another; more
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
position in a game of go or shogi; state of the game; aspect of an affair; situation
other than; excluding; without
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
war; battle; match; game; competition
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
one game (of go, shogi, etc.); one board (go, shogi, etc.); one office (of a broadcasting station, post office, etc.)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Tokushima (city, prefecture)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
myself; yourself; I; me; you
losing a battle; lost battle; battle one cannot win; battle one is doomed to lose
to dig up; to expose; to disclose
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed