jpdb beta

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

7

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

4

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

6

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

7

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

2

too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as

3

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

7

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

3

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)

2

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

2

to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)

1

indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very

2

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

2

thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work

1

to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed

1

that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you

1

to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing

1

that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...

1

don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...

4

to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise

2

you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...

1

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

2

I; me

1

this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence

4

to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience

1

only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to

2

Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker

2

to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)

2

to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk

1

now; soon; already; yet; further; more

1

so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already

1

seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!

3

yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's

1

person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others

1

such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o

1

to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case

1

is not; am not; are not; isn't it?

1

to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember

1

if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so

2

what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest

3

things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that

1

although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish

1

to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at

2

adds force or indicates command

3

to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need

1

this sort of; this kind of; like this; such

1

truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic

1

today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays

1

to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend

1

to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish

1