father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
circumstances; condition; arranging; managing; lending money; raising money
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
foreign; abroad; overseas
to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to make a living; to earn a livelihood; to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
living by oneself; living alone
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
only; merely; but; no more than
end; ending; close; end of (one's) life; death
to go out to meet; to receive; to call for; to summon; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to take (e.g. a wife)
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
irresponsible; perfunctory; lukewarm; half-baked; (already) enough; considerably
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
dark history; dark past; something one wants to forget or pretend never happened
behaving in a way characteristic of teenagers going through puberty, esp. by being overly self-conscious; (lit.) 2nd year of junior high sickness
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
senior high school; high school
life; living; livelihood; (one's) living
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
in the same way as; just like
by means of; due to; because of; according to