this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
listen!; you see; mind you; remember
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
danger; peril; hazard; risk
defense; defence; safeguard; protection
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
really; truly; indeed; good grief
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
to defend against; to protect against; to prevent; to avert; to avoid
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should