indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
educational institution; school; academy; campus
senior high school; high school
second-year student; biennial
character (of a person); personality; disposition; characteristics; nature (of a thing, event, etc.)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
blunder; bungle; clumsiness
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
strong-willed; strong of heart
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
reliability; trustworthiness; dependability
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
red earth (i.e. containing cinnabar or minium); vermilion
raw; uncooked; natural; as it is; unprotected (sex); live (i.e. not recorded); inexperienced
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
homework; assignment; pending issue; unresolved problem; open question
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to count on; to expect; to put confidence in; to trust in; to depend on
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
private affairs; personal matter
notebook; copy-book; note; noting down; (musical) note; laptop (computer)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?