what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
deed (esp. negative); act; action; one's doing
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
alone; by oneself; on one's own
good; OK; all right; fine; very well; will do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
service; duty; business; Buddhist religious services
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
brat; kid; urchin; preta; hungry ghost
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage